Turkey

Istanbul Airport (IST) is Turkey's main international gateway and one of the largest airports in the world. Direct and connecting flights are available from major Indian cities including Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, and Bangalore. Flight time is approximately 6–7 hours. Turkish Airlines, IndiGo, and several Gulf carriers operate frequent services with competitive fares.

The ideal time to visit Turkey is April through June and September through November, when temperatures are pleasant (15–25°C) and tourist crowds are manageable. Spring brings wildflowers across Cappadocia, while autumn offers golden light perfect for photography. Summer (July–August) is great for the coast but hot inland. Winter is ideal for budget travelers and skiing in Uludag.

Turkey is generally safe for tourists, especially in popular areas like Istanbul, Cappadocia, and the Aegean coast. No special vaccinations are required for Indian travelers. Tap water is not recommended for drinking — stick to bottled water. Healthcare facilities in major cities are excellent. We strongly recommend travel insurance. Emergency number: 112 (all services).

The currency is the Turkish Lira (TRY). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops in tourist areas. ATMs are readily available throughout the country. We recommend carrying some cash for smaller shops, local markets, and rural areas. Currency exchange offices (döviz) offer competitive rates in cities.

Turkey is a warm and hospitable country. Haggling is expected and enjoyed at bazaars and local markets — start at about half the asking price. Remove shoes before entering mosques and dress modestly (women should cover their heads, shoulders, and knees). Turkish tea (çay) is a cornerstone of social culture — accepting an offer of tea is a sign of respect. Tipping 10–15% is customary at restaurants.